Governing mechanism.



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GOVERNING MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED 0014, 1905. 902,220. Y Patented005-27, 1908,

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GOVERNING MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED 00124, 1905.

Patentd 0%:21, 1903 INVENTURS:

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM L. R. EMMET AND OSCAR .IUNGGREN, OF SCHFNECTADY, NEW YORK,ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 27, 1908.

Original application filed May 8, 1903, Serial No. 156,142. Divided andthis application filed October 4, 1905.

Serial No.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM L. R. EM- MET and OSCAR JUNGGREN, citizensof the United States, and residents of Schenectady, county ofSchenectady, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Emer ency Governing Mechanism, of which thefofiowing is a speciiication.

The present invention is a division of our pending application, Serial N0. 156,142, filed May 8, 1903, and is made at the requirement of theUnited States Patent Oflice under the provisions of Rules 41 and 42 ofOflice Practree.-

The invention relates to governing mechanisms for prime movers, such forinstance, as elastic fluid turbines, and has for its object to provide asimple and eflicient governing mechanism of improved construction forcutting oil the supply under abnormal load conditions when the speedtends to become excessive.

In the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto, Weshall proceed to set forth with particularity and exactness What webelieve to be novel and our invention.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate one embodiment of theinvention, Figure 1 is a detail view in section of the emergencygovernor, Fig. 2 is a detail view in side elevation of one of theweights and its holders for actuating theemergency governor;

Fig. 3 is a plan view, partially in section, of

the structure shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 4 is a detail view in side elevationof the means employed to trip the cutoff valve; Fig. 5 is a frontelevation of the structure shown in shaft becomes Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 isa plan view of the modified form of the emergency governor whereinslightly different means are employed for tri ping the shut-off valve.

n order to prevent racing of the turbine in case of failure of the maingovernor to operate, an auxiliary emergency governor is provided.Mounted on the main shaft 26 of the turbine, or other prime mover or ona shaft driven therefrom at one or more points are frames 57 which carrycentrifugally acting weights. These weights are normally held within acertain prescribed ath by suitable means, but when the rotative speed ofthe excessive they fly outwardly 1 ing the butterfly valve will bedescribed.

beyond their normal path and cause the interruption of the steam sup ly.Fig. 3 best shows the construction and arrangement of these weights.

58 represents a weight which is pivoted to the frame 57, the latterbeing secured to the shaft by a number of bolts. The weight is providedwith two arms, one of which is.

tween the short arm of the weight 58 and the movable abutment 60 is atone side of the straight line connecting the center of the trunnion 62and the center of the pivot 58. As the shaft rotates, the weight 58tends to move outwardly and compress the spring. In doing so the oint ofcontact more nearly coincides with tie line connecting the centers ofmovement above referred to. As designed, so long as the speed of theturbine is normal, the oint of contact between the short arm and theabutment is always on the side of the center line as shown, but underexcess speed conditions the point of contact crosses the dead center andthe effect of the compression spring is then added to that of thecentrifugally acting weight. By this means a blow is imparted to theplunger 59 which insures the prompt action of a butterfly or othervalve'for interrupting the supply of fluid. The right-hand end of theplunger engages with a lever 64 which is pivotally connected to a rod65. This rod extends outwardly from the shaft and is attached at itsouter end to a lever or latch 66 which trips or releases the mechanismthat actuates the butterfly valve 67, the latter being mounted in thesteam-carrying conduit 68 which serves as the valve casing at a pointbetween a main or gate valve and the conduit 8 which conveys fluid tothe groups of turbine nozzles. The butterfly valve by reason of thedistribution of the parts at tached thereto has a tendency to close.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, the construction and operation of the meansfor actuat- The valve is pivotally supported on a shaft or pivot 69mounted in the valve casing and to which is attached an arm or lever 7O. This arm is provided with a pin 71, shown in dot ted lines in Fig. 4and full lines in Fig. 5, that engages the stop 72 for preventing thearm from rising above the position shown, it being free however to movedownward under the action of the releasing mechanism. Pivotally attachedto the arm is a V-shaped lever 73 the short arm of which engages withand is locked in osition by a shoulder, latch or trigger forme on thelever 66. The lever 73 is provided with a heel or projection 73 whichlimits the upward movement of the lever about its pivot on the lever 7 0and causes the latch to hold the two levers in position as if they wereone lever structure. To the long arm of the V-shaped lever is attached alink 74 that supports the weight 75. The pivot 7 0 of the weight lever73 is located at a point above and eccentric to the pivot 69. The resultof this arrangement is to in crease the effective leverage of the weighton the valve when said weight has been tripped and the valve moved toits closed position. That is, the leverage is greater than it would beif the pivot were on or below the center line of the lever 70.conditions the long arm of the lever 73 is separated from the upper sideof the lever 70 as shown. When the speed of rotation increases beyond apredetermined amount the latch on the lever 66 is released fromengagement with the lever 73 by the emergency governor and the weight 75falls through a short distance, thus acquiring some momentum, before thelever 73 swinging about its pivot comes in contact with the lever 70 andstrikes a hammer blow on the latter lever which tends to overcome anyinertia or stick" ing of the valve and to accelerate its closing. Aftercoming in contact as described the two levers move as one about thepivot 69. With our arrangement, we secure all the advantages of a singlelever and in addition thereto the desirable hammer blow effect.

Attached to the side of the conduit or casing 68 is the relief pipe 76containing a valve 77. This pipe enters the' conduit on the side of thevalve 67 which is toward the turbine. As shown the valve is providedwith a stem 78 which projects slightly from the valve casing and isadapted to engage with and be depressed by a cam 79 that is attached toand moves with the valve shaft 69. The object of this valve is todischarge the contents of the steam-carrying conduit 8 into a condenseror to the atmosphere, as the case may be, whenever the emergencygovernor operates and shuts off the further supply of steam to theconduit 8 by closing the valve 67. By relieving the conduit of all ofthe steam contained therein after the valve 67 is closed the turbine maybe quickly Under normal service stopped, otherwise it might be run for acon siderable time by the steam so trapped between the valve 67 and theturbine admission valves providing it had been relieved of its load.-

In order to release the butterfly valve by hand when for any reason itis desirable, handles 81 are attached to the lever 66. These handles arebest shown in Fig. 5. It will be noted that they are situated onopposite sides of the conduit where they are readily accessible. Therelation between the cam 79 and the valve stem 78 is also well shown insaid figure. In the present instance the relief valve is normally heldagainst its seat by a spring and is opened by the cam 79 whichcompresses the spring, but any other suitable form of valve can beemployed. The relation of the pin 71 to the arm 70 for preventing thelatter from rising beyond a certain predetermined point is also clearlyshown in this figure. By the arrangement described the turbine can bequickly brought to a standstill without letting air into the condenser.

Referring to Fig. 6, we have shown a slight modification of ourinvention wherein the actuating lever 64 is arranged to work in ahorizontal plane instead of a vertical plane. The object of thisarrangement is to cause the centrifugally acting weight 58 to strike thelever a glancing blow as the heavier end moves outward under conditionsof abnormal speed. The weight 58 is provided with a pivot 58 located ata point between its ends, and the trailing portion 82 of the weight isheavier than the leading portion and thus overpowers it. Underconditions of excess speed the heavier portion 82 moves outward whilethe forward and lighter end moves inward. By reason of this differentialaction the spring which opposes the weight can be made shorter. Theweight is carried by a frame 57 that is bolted to the main shaft 26. Thelever 64 is mounted in a support 83 which is bolted to a stationary partof the turbine frame. It is made in the form of a bell-crank and theshort arm is attached by the rod 65 to the trigger or tripping device 66shown in Fig. 1. There is a certain amount of lost motion between theshort arm of the lever 64 and the nuts on the rod 65. The object of thisarrangement is to decrease the pounding efifect of the blow from theweight 58 on the curved arm of the lever 64. In this figure, as well asin Fig. 3, the relative arrangement of the parts may be such that afterthe speed of the turbine decreases by a certain amount the weight 58will return to its normal position. It can, however, be so arranged thatit requires the operator to push the weight back manually beforerestarting the turbine into operation.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, we havedescribed the principle of operation of our invention together with theapparatus which we now consider to represent the best embodimentthereof;

but we desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What we claim as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is,

1. In combination, a motor, with an emergency governor therefor,comprising a centrifugally acting weight, and a spring which normallyopposes the action of the weight and is situated on one side of the deadcenter and crosses said center and acts accumulatively with said weightunder abnormal speed conditions.

2. In a governor, the combination of a pivotally supported weight, aspring acting on said weight and arranged to work on either side of adead center, and an actuator which is moved by the weight.

3. In a governor, the combination of a support, a weight pivotallymounted thereon, a spring and abutment for opposing the centrifugalaction of the weight and arranged to work on either side of a deadcenter, and a pivotal support for the spring and abutment.

4. In a governor, the combination of a support, a weight pivotallyattached to the support, an actuator arranged to engage with the weightunder abnormal conditions, and a spring and movable abutment engagingwith the weight, the abutment being arranged to work on either side of adead center.

5. In a governor, the combination of a support, a centrifugally actingweight pivotally attached thereto, a spring and abutment for opposingthe action of the weight, and a piv otally supported holder for thespring and abutment, which is arranged to swing from one side of a deadcenter to the other when the speed exceeds a certain predeterminedamount.

6. In a governor, the combination of a pivoted weight having its freeend normally moving in the path described by the pivot, a springdisposed at one side of the weight and having its line of actionsubstantially parallel with the length thereof, and a connection betweenthe weight and spring which permits the line of action to shift itsposition.

7. In a governor, the combination of a pivoted weight, a spring foropposing the movement of the weight which is fixed at one end andextends toward the pivot of the weight, and a connection between theweight and the movable end of the spring.

8. In a governor, the combination of a support, a centril'ugally actingweight pivoted adjacent one end of the support, and a spring mounted onthe support for opposing the movement of the weight which is disposedbetween the pivot of the latter and the opposite end of the support andacts in the direction of the pivot.

9. In a governor, the combination of a support, a centrifugally actingweight pivoted thereon, and a spring mounted on the support whichopposes the movement of the weight, the longitudinal dimensions of thespring and weight being substantially parallel to that of the support.

10. In a governor, the combination of a rotating support, acentrifugally acting weight which is pivoted thereto, and a spring fornormally opposing the movement of the weight which is mounted on thesupport and disposed between the latter and the free end of the weightwith its axis or line of action substantially tangent to the directionof rotation and located on that side of the pivot of the weight which istoward the center of rotation.

11. In a governor, the combination of a centrifugally acting Weightwhich is pivotally supported at its front end, a spring for opposing themovement of the weight which is disposed under the free end of theweight and approximately parallel thereto with its line of actiondirected toward the pivot of the weight, means for pivotally supportingthe spring to permit the direction of its line of action to vary withrespect to the pivot of 9 the weight, and a connection between theweight and spring.

12. In an emergency governor, the combi nation of a pivotally supportedweight responsive to abnormal speed conditions, a

spring acting on said weight and arranged to act on either side of adead center with respect to the pivot of the weight, a lever pivoted tomove in the plane of the weight when struck a glancing blow thereby, avalve, and a means actuated by the lever for starting the valve intomotion.

13. In combination, a conduit, an emergency valve mounted therein, anarm attached to the valve, a weight-carrying lever pivotally attached tothe arm, and a tripping device which holds the weight lever in positionto strike the arm a blow when released.

14. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a casingtherefor, a device mounted on the casing for holding the valve openduring normal operating conditions, a load-responsive mechanism forreleasing the valve from the control of the device under abnormalconditions, and a motor arranged to first im art a hammer-blow to thevalve when so re eased to close it and then hold it closed.

15. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a device forholding the valve open during normal operating conditions, aspeed-responsive mechanism which releases the valve from the control ofthe device when the speed becomes abnormal, and a motor that becomesactive on the release of cessive.

said device which is arranged to move a limited distance independentlyof the valve and then impart a hammerblow thereto and move with itduring closure.

16. In a governing mechanism, a valve, a member attached to the valve,means co6pcrating with the member to hold the valve open, aspeed-responsive mechanism which releases said means when the speedbecomes excessive, and a weighted device which becomes operative on therelease of said means to first impart a hammer blow to said memher toclose the valve and then act through the member to hold the valveclosed.

17. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, an armattached thereto for opening and closing it, weighted member attached tothe arm and mounted to have a limited independent movement to impart ahammer blow to the arm, and a lock which normally holds the arm andmember set and the valve in open position.

18. In governing mechanism, a valve, an arm or opening and closing thevalve which is secured to its pivot, a lever pivoted to the arm at apoint eccentric to the pivot of the valve and arranged to moveindependently of the arm. for imparting a hammer blow thereto, and alatch engaging the lever for holding the valve open.

19. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a casing, a valvetherein, a member attached to the valve which is exterior to the casing,and a weighted device which is arranged to move independently during aportionof its movement for imparting a blow to the member to close thevalve suddenly.

20. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a shut-oil valve, alover attach l thereto for actuating it, and an arm loosely attached tothe lever for moving it through a lost-motion when the speed becomes ex-21. In a mechanism of the character described, the combination of avalve which is locked open under normal service conditions, a casing forthe valve, a motor which closes the valve when said valve is releasedfrom its locked position, a lever mounted on the casing and connectedwith the valve which lever when locked in a given position prevents saidmotor from closing the valve, a member pivoted on the lever, a latchengaging said memher and restraining or looking the lever and valveagainst the tendency of the motor to close the valve, and a speedgovernor responsive to a predetermined increase in speed for disengagingthe latch and said member and permitting the motor to close the valve.

22. In a mechanism of the character described, the combination of avalve which has a tendency to close, a casing for the valve, a levermounted on the casing and connected with the valve, a member pivoted onthe lever, a latch mounted on the casing which engages the member andlocks the valve open under normal service conditions, and an emergencygoverning device which disengages the latch and said member and permitsthe valve to close when the speed increases a predetermined amount abovethe normal rate.

23. In a mechanism of the character described, the combination of avalve which has a tendency to close and is locked open against saidtendency during normal service conditions, a casing for the valve, amotor which closes the valve when it is released from said lockedposition, a lever which prevents the motor from closing the valve, amember pivoted on the lever, a latch sup ported by the casing whichengages the member and restrains the lever against the tendency of themotor to close the valve, and a governor responsive to a predeterminedincrease in speed for disengaging the latch and said member to permitthe motor to close the valve.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands this second day ofOctober, 1905.

WILLIAM L. R. EMMET. OSCAR JUNGGREN.

Witnesses BENJAMIN B. HULL, IVIARGARET E. VJooLLnY.

